确定砂土动剪切模量和阻尼比的方法对比     

宋东松  冯震  金红山  孙逸涵 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(5):1366-1380

确定土体动剪切模量的常用方法有规范法、Kumar法和自相关函数法,确定相应阻尼比的方法有规范法、Das and Luo法、Kokusho法、Kumar法和互相关函数法,为了分析不同方法所产生差异,实现定量化对比分析,笔者以福建标准砂（粒径为0.5~1.0 mm）为研究对象,采用不排水的应力控制动三轴试验,探讨不同的确定土体动剪切模量和阻尼比方法的差异性,并给出了不同土体条件建议选用的方法。结果表明：1）3种方法确定动剪切模量的结果有一定的差异,随剪应变的增大结果的差异逐渐增大,有效围压对结果的差异性有所影响,当剪应变为4×10^-3,有效围压为100 kPa时,3种方法差异显著,相对误差最大接近20%;2）而5种方法确定阻尼比的结果差异显著,随着剪应变的增大,5种方法确定的阻尼比相对误差大体上均在迅速减小,只有规范法在有效围压为100 kPa时,其相对误差有较小的增大趋势;5种方法中,Kumar法确定的阻尼比最接近平均阻尼比,互相关函数法远高于平均阻尼比,Das and Luo法和Kokusho法确定的阻尼比基本一致但低于平均阻尼比。建议以后的工程应用中,加载方式为应力控制时,可采用自相关函数法确定动剪切模量,采用Kumar法确定阻尼比,二者确定的动剪切模量和阻尼比均最接近平均值。  相似文献   

辽河西部凹陷曙北地区沙四段薄砂层成因类型及分布规律     

宋兵  王波  刘兴周  刘少治  陈希光  卢文忠 《地质与资源》2021,30(6):698-706

为了明确辽河西部凹陷曙北地区沙河街组四段薄砂层成因类型及分布规律,从岩心、测井响应和地震反射特征等方面总结了各类成因薄砂层的识别标志,并预测了各砂层组的砂体展布,探讨了砂体发育的控制因素,总结了沉积模式.研究结果表明,曙北地区沙四段为扇三角洲-湖泊的沉积体系,薄砂层发育水下分流河道、河口坝、低隆滩坝、沿岸浅滩4种成因类型,其中以水下分流河道和低隆滩坝为主.古地貌、古物源和古水深控制了各类砂体的展布.以曙光和兴隆台古潜山一线为界,南部为扇三角洲体系沉积区,主要发育前缘水下分流河道和河口坝;北部（包括低隆区）为无明显水流注入的半封闭湖湾区,主要发育低隆滩坝砂体和灰/云坪,在西侧沿岸局部地区还发育沿岸浅滩.储量区外大面积发育的低隆滩坝砂体,是下一步碎屑岩增储上产的潜在接替区域.  相似文献   

浅水三角洲物源、砂体构型与储层特征研究——以准噶尔盆地永进—莫西庄地区侏罗系三工河组二段为例     

冯怀伟  许淑梅  王金铎  张关龙  曾治平  任新成  修金磊  王千军 《地质论评》2023,69(4):2023040028-2023040028

针对准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组物源、砂体构型及储层物性认识存在争议的问题,笔者等基于岩芯、录井、钻井等方面的资料,结合前人在准噶尔盆地周缘磷灰石及锆石年龄数据,运用沉积学、层序地层学、沉积盆地分析及储层沉积学的基本原理和方法对三工河组二段物源方向、远近和类型、沉积体系展布、砂体构型及储层物性之间的关系进行了系统的研究。研究表明,在敞流盆地快速抬升/缓慢沉降的构造背景下形成辫状河三角洲退积式沉积序列,在五级层序地层格架中,河道强冲刷叠置砂体见于第1、2砂组,三角洲退积,分支河道强烈冲刷,导致河道砂体叠置,微相类型单一,单砂体厚度向上变薄,砂体全区稳定分布,储集性较好。河道弱冲刷叠置砂体见于第3、5砂组,三角洲退积,分支河道冲刷不明显,形成河道“二元结构”,单砂体厚度向上变薄,粒度变细,储集性好;河口坝组合砂体见于第4砂组,在三角洲退积过程中,水下分流河道末端形成河口坝,总体岩性向上变细,砂体不连续,储集性好,远砂坝席状砂组合砂体见于第6、7砂组,砂体零星分布,储集性很差。在浅水、低可容纳空间、快速抬升/缓慢幕式沉降构造背景之下,浅水三角洲的物源的方向、远近及类型是影响沉积微相展布的关键因素,也是影响砂体构型及其储层物性的物质基础。  相似文献   

覆水砂土场地中桥梁群桩基础地震响应离心试验研究     

闫志晓  李雨润  王东升  王永志 《岩土力学》2023,(3):861-872

为探究覆水饱和砂土场地中土-群桩基础-桥梁结构体系动力相互作用规律,自主设计并制作了直（斜）群桩基础-桥梁结构物理相似模型,开展了不同地震动强度和不同特性地震波输入下的离心机振动台试验,分析了群桩基础-桥梁结构动力特性指标,探究了覆水饱和砂土地基超孔隙水压力发展规律和桩-土相互作用动力响应特性。研究结果表明：覆水的存在对地基土-桥梁结构体系的基本周期和阻尼影响很小,但会导致直群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值增加20%,而斜群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值降低10%;斜群桩基础模型阻尼比是直群桩基础模型的2倍。上覆水导致饱和砂土地基由受低频振动液化深度更大变为受高频振动地基液化深度更大,同时导致小震作用下促进超孔隙水压力发展,而大震作用下则反之。上覆水会增大桥梁上部结构的动力响应和桩身弯矩。上述研究结果可为覆水场地中桥梁工程抗震设计提供关键参考依据。  相似文献   

门源M6.9地震诱发地质灾害特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

王谦  钟秀梅  高中南  马金莲  万秀红  杨义煊  刘岸果 《地震工程学报》2022,44(2):352-359

2022年1月8日发生的门源M6.9地震诱发了崩塌、滑坡、砂土液化、地裂缝等多种同震地质灾害。通过对门源M6.9地震地质灾害进行现场调查,得出了地质灾害的分布特征和各类型地质灾害的主要特点,分析了地震地质灾害不发育的原因,并对地震地质灾害的长期效应进行了分析预测。研究结果表明：门源地震诱发地质灾害主要分布在震中附近;崩塌、落石总体规模较小,滑坡多为岩质滑坡,且以冰碛物和表层岩土体的溜滑为主。受表层土体冻结和孔隙水压力消散的影响,饱和砂土液化沿较窄的地裂缝呈串珠状分布,喷出物多为粉细砂。地震形成了4条左旋左阶斜列的地表破裂带,并在极震区内形成了大量的地裂缝。断层破碎带对地震动的阻隔作用、覆盖层薄、地表土冻结可能是造成本次地震地质灾害总体不发育的主要原因;地震产生的大量地裂缝导致斜坡和堆积体的稳定性减弱,在耦合集中降雨、冻融作用等因素后可能诱发滑坡灾害,松散堆积于沟床处的崩滑物作为物源,可能会增加地震影响区泥石流灾害的风险。  相似文献   

空间互相关方法在分析海底沙波迁移规律中的应用     

甘雨  马小川  阎军 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):42-52

海底沙波具有显著的活动性并能够对海底工程设施造成潜在威胁，因此对海底沙波活动性的评估一直以来受到广泛关注。目前大多数研究者仍利用平面剖面对比来分析海底沙波的迁移特征。然而，该方法难以全面高效地获取海底沙波二维平面迁移矢量。本文基于2007年和2009年的高分辨率多波束测深数据，详细阐述了空间互相关方法在分析北部湾东南海域海底沙波迁移规律中的应用过程。利用实测数据进行对比分析，获得了研究区海底沙波的活动特征，并进一步讨论了空间互相关算法中不同参数的选取对结果的影响。结果显示，利用空间互相关分析方法能够有效获取海底沙波二维迁移矢量，获得的海底沙波迁移速率和迁移方向与前人研究成果吻合，表明了该方法的可行性和可靠性。但在对实际DTM数据进行空间互相关分析时，需根据海底沙波形态、数据质量等因素选取合适的参数及矢量获取方法。本研究实验了一种确定海底沙波迁移规律的新方法，该方法将有效提升获得海底地形变化规律的效率和准确度，可获得更加精细的海底地形动力过程。  相似文献   

Tide-induced variability in beach surface moisture: Observations and modelling     

Laura B. Brakenhoff  Yvonne Smit  Jasper J. A. Donker  Gerben Ruessink 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):317-330

The moisture content w_s of a beach surface strongly controls the availability of sand for aeolian transport. Our predictive capability of the spatiotemporal variability in w_s, which depends to a large extent on water table depth, is, however, limited. Here we show that water table fluctuations and surface moisture content observed during a 10-day period on a medium-grained (365μm) planar (1:30) beach can be predicted well with the nonlinear Boussinesq equation extended to include run-up infiltration and a soil–water retention curve under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. On the intertidal part of the beach the water table is observed and predicted to continuously fall from the moment the beach surface emerges from the falling tide to just before it is submerged by the incoming tide. We find that on the lower 30% of the intertidal beach the water table remains within 0.1–0.2 m from the surface and that the sand is always saturated (w_s≈20%, by mass). Higher up on the intertidal beach, the surface can dry to about 5% when the water table has fallen to 0.4–0.5 m beneath the surface. Above the high-tide level the water table is always too deep (>0.5 m) to affect surface moisture and, without precipitation, the sand is dry (w_s < 5 − 8%). Because the water table depth on the emerged part of the intertidal beach increases with time irrespective of whether the (ocean) tide falls or rises, we find no need to include hysteresis (wetting and drying) effects in the surface-moisture modelling. Model simulations suggest that at the present planar beach only the part well above mean sea level can dry sufficiently (w_s < 10%) for sand to become available for aeolian transport. ©2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Morphological and sedimentary features of sandy-muddy transitional beaches in estuaries and bays along mesotidal to macrotidal coasts     

Shaohua Zhao  Hongshuai Qi  Feng Cai  Jun Zhu  Xiang Zhou  Gang Lei 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(7):1660-1676

Sandy-muddy transitional beaches (SMT-Beaches), representing the transition from sandy beaches to tidal mudflats, should theoretically develop very different morphological and sedimentological characteristics in river estuaries and in semi-enclosed bays due to their contrasting dynamic sedimentary environments. Evidence, however, is rare in the scientific literature. To reveal these morphological and sedimentary differences, the sand–mud transition (SMT) boundary distribution, beach profiles, and surface and downcore sediment grain-size compositions of 27 SMT-Beaches located along mesotidal to macrotidal coasts of the western Taiwan Strait, southeastern China, were investigated. The results show that typical estuarine SMT-Beaches are mainly characterized by an ambiguous SMT, a long distance between the SMT and the coastline (31–302 m), lower SMT and inflection point altitudes (average –0.76 m and –0.04 m), and lower upper beach gradients (~0.068) with fine sand. Estuarine SMT-Beach sediments display clear interbedded mud and sand layers, implying potential SMT migrations over various timescales. By contrast, typical bay SMT-Beaches are characterized by distinct SMT, a short distance between the SMT and the coastline (11–52 m), higher SMT and inflection point altitudes (~0.24 m and ~0.35 m), and narrower upper beaches with higher gradients (~0.095) and coarse sand. Bay SMT-Beaches present relatively stable sedimentary sequences and a narrow gravel belt surrounding the inflection point and/or SMT. These morphological and sedimentary differences between the two SMT-Beach types are initially constrained by sediment supply and transport and are further affected by tide conditions and wave climate. Sediment supply and transport predominately control the sediment structures, while the tidal range strongly influences spatial variations in SMT distances. Wave climate normally drives SMT altitude variations. This study highlights the morphological and sedimentary differences in SMT-Beaches in estuaries and bays, providing important knowledge for further revealing their morphodynamic processes and potential future nourishment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海水海砂混凝土双K断裂参数的确定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

臧朝会  杨树桐  金亮亮 《海洋工程》2019,37(4):142-150

采用尺寸为515 mm×100 mm×100 mm初始缝高比从0.1变化至0.8的三点弯曲梁试件,利用试验测得起裂荷载Pini、最大荷载Pmax及对应的裂缝口张开位移CMODc等参数,研究了缝高比a0/h对海水海砂混凝土双K断裂参数的影响。并以相同配合比的淡水河砂梁作为对照组,进一步研究了海砂海水混凝土双K断裂参数与普通混凝土之间的关系。结果发现海水海砂混凝土断裂参数在a0/h=0.25～0.7范围内时可以认为是一常数;海水海砂混凝土梁断裂参数比相同配合比情况下的淡水河砂梁大且对边界影响更加敏感。  相似文献   

Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Yin‐Fu Jin  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Shui‐Long Shen  Pierre‐Yves Hicher 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(8):1219-1240

Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献